Monday, 18 June 2018

Freefalling & Copious Consumption: #WED2018, Currency & Climate Change in India Now


World Environment Day has been celebrated annually since 1974 to highlight environment protection. “Beat Plastic Pollution” was the theme for this year, and this crisis is one that showcases the very worst of our consumerist economy that makes the disposable OK. And the products that use the most resources end up cheapest and throwaway, or as the popular meme goes, “It’s pretty amazing that our society has reached a point where the effort necessary to extract oil from the ground, ship it to a refinery, turn it into plastic, shape it appropriately, truck it to a store, buy it, and bring it home is considered to be less effort than what it takes to just wash the spoon when you’re done with it.”
#WED2018  #BEATPLASTICPOLLUTION

A lot of the environmental and economic problems we face today are consequences of the mindless consumption that has become the norm. As the first woman environmentalist to win a Nobel Peace Prize (2004), the late and great Wangari Maathai of Kenya, and founder of the Green Belt Movement put it,

“The environment and the economy are really both two sides of the same coin. You cannot sustain the economy if you don’t take care of the environment because we know that the resources that we use whether it is oil, energy, land … all of these are the basis in which development happens. And development is what we say generates a good economy and puts money in our pockets. If we cannot sustain the environment, we can’t not sustain ourselves.”

The soaring fuel prices, a world economy that’s slowing, joblessness caused by automation and climate change are all linked to that greed of mankind that’s ensuring that consumption is the driver of the economy.  The devaluing of the housewives’ unpaid labours, farmer’s and labourer’s efforts and the rule of corporations with power-hungry politicians as their puppets regardless of political party or ideological affiliating, data theft and harvesting are all part of a vicious cycle – a matrix like in the movies if you will that’s fuelled by our greed sharpened by the psychological manipulations and peddling of vast faceless, trans-boundary, emotion- and value-free corporations. 

This summer saw unprecedented death and devastation over multiple instances across north India as a result of dust and thunderstorms. More recently with the onset of the monsoon, flooding in the North-East, Kerala & Karnataka is taking lives and destabilizing the lives of people and displacing them. Recently the dust storm killed seventeen people! Meanwhile it's being called a "dust fall" and is causing an air quality emergency in the National Capital Region - Delhi-NCR. The deforestation of the Aravalli range has been thought to be a major contributor to this unheeded dust-laden winds blowing across the Gangetic plains. The heat waves meanwhile claimed many lives across South Asia especially India and Pakistan. The South-West Monsoon battered India’s west coast with almost super-charged cloudbursts and unprecedented flooding in Karnataka. Yet water crises plagues across the nation, with our hill stations and the poorest communities facing the brunt of the unwise development. Sustainable Development may be the UN roadmap of choice but until the decarbonizing of the economy happens, equitable distribution of resources happens, and excessive consumption of the first world and the privileged across the globe is curbed – it will remain a distant dream. 


Tuesday, 1 May 2018

SDG7 for India’s Energy Security, Poverty Alleviation & Sustainable Development

Access to affordable and clean energy - the seventh sustainable development goal (SDG7) is central to enhancing the growth of developing nations in general and India in particular. 

Having renewable energy sources, such as solar, wind and small hydroelectric (hydel) as well as biogas, power the nation instead of fossil fuels can help avoid the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis. According to EKC theory, as per capita income first increases there is proportional detrimental effect on the environment. This makes for unsustainable development. Decoupling growth from fossil fuels, enhancing clean energy generation and cheap power for all can fillip to India’s developmental agenda and ensure energy security free from crude oil price and supply fluctuations. India like most developing nations has poverty alleviation by raising the per capita income of those below poverty line (BPL) as a key mandate. India according to the World Bank has the most number of people living BPL. That's 30 percent of the Indian population – approximately 276 million people! Improving the quality of life of this huge population will have a grave impact on the nation's and the world's environment and resource consumption. This can be averted by leapfrogging to powering the growth with clean energy.


 The low-carbon growth model prioritizing clean and affordable energy access, although requiring a huge initial investment, can yield phenomenal results. Energy security, poverty alleviation as well as sustainable development can become the norm in India's growth story when clean and cheap energy empowers the population. Energy security is a very important issue. The aggravating effect of fossil fuels on climate change and global warming makes them a poor choice to fuel growth in India and beyond. Coal that powers thermal power stations – the mainstay of India’s electricity grid – causes severe air, water and soil pollution in addition to taking a huge bite out of the limited carbon budget of an ever-heating world. With the soaring crude oil prices, oil’s exponential effect on global warming and the worrying trend of a significant portion of oil money funding terror – it’s wrong on multiple fronts to continue to couple our growth story with the use of fossil fuels. Gas extraction for LPG and LNG ( (liquefied petroleum/natural gas) cylinders routinely devastate the local environs yet ensure smoke- and air pollution–free cooking fuel and an affordable and greener choice of vehicle fuel. By promoting small and large-scale biogas and “Gobbar” [cow patties] gas plants families and communities can benefit from clean cooking fuel as well as generating a rich organic manure as byproduct. LNG cylinders filled in industrial-sized “washed biogas” plants with adequate safety regulations are less ecologically damaging than oil and gas extraction from the soil and river beds.

 Making the Indian power grid compatible with renewable energy supply by investing in optimal energy storage and smart grids can drastically improve India’s carbon footprint and clean up the environment.  India’s abundant solar and wind power generating capacity not to mention the potential of offshore hybrid renewable power generating installations – harnessing tidal, wave, offshore wind and solar energy – can easily offset the Indian power grid’s coal needs.
PM Modi said on Sunday that April 28 will be remembered as a historic day when a remote village in the northeast became the last to be connected to the power grid.
 Despite Power Ministry Officials putting this figure at 83% households electrified - with 15 % of this through battery based off-grid solutions and the rest on grid-connected - the environmental and health implications of such a demand if still powered mostly by thermal power is mind-boggling.
  Source: (c) The Hindu

With the World Health Organization stating that over 90 percent of the world’s population breathes polluted air, the health premium of fuels that cause air pollution skyrockets. Some of the most polluted cities in the world are in India and combined with the huge BPL population – who are most vulnerable to pollution – India is on the brink of a major health crisis. Poor indoor and outdoor air quality are claiming lives and causing morbidity. The healthcare costs and the lost man-hours adds to the “cost of pollution” - devastating the efficiency of health & safety of the laboring classes especially (a barriers to truly honoring the values enshrined in observing May Day). Hence clean energy access in India can ensure that that the nation’s growth is a healthy and sustainable one. There are many individuals and organizations that are pioneering and piloting adoption of clean energy and low-carbon growth models. These successful pilots need to be scaled up and replicated nationwide to power a clean energy revolution to power India's epic growth story.

Source: (c) Greenpeace India - Chennai #GoSolar event, Earth Day 2018

Wednesday, 21 March 2018

Chennai's Forests & More on International Day of Forests 2018

The first day of spring in the Northern Hemisphere - March 21st has been celebrated as the #InternationalDayOfForests or #WorldForestDay since 2012.
This year's theme is #Forests & #SustainableCities both central to the 17 Sustainable Development Goals - #SDG11 is prioritizing Sustainable Cities & Communities and #Forests are significantly covered in SDG15 - Life on Land as well as lucky number 13 #ClimateAction.

 (c) http://www.un.org/en/events/forestsday/



At a recent workshop on How To Redesign Environmental Education in Schools I realized what a blessing it was to live in Chennai and spend most of my life cocooned in the of the locality of Besant Nagar.ps://twitter.com/10sunshinegal/status/973122451675561984

 #Chennai blessed with many #Urban Forests both natural and man-made/man supplemented after destroying original forests! And Besant Nagar a beach side locality snuggled between the  famous Elliot's Beach and the green campuses of International Headquarters of the Theosophical Society and the world-renowned performing arts school Kalakshetra as well as two Central Government Staff Quarters and the Reserve Bank of India Staff Quarters which all have significant gardens and trees.The temperature in this locality is much cooler than most of the city thanks to the lush green cover. It's also a biodiversity hotspot and is also home to the famed Adyar Banyan tree. This banyan (Adyar Aala maram) which is located in the campus of Theosophical Society is believed to be about 450 years old and is one of the largest banyan trees in the whole world - it's the second largest in India. 

I have realized that my connect with nature and awareness of it was fostered in a childhood surrounded by urban forests. Many of the present generation have lost this connect with trees and wooded areas as the gated communities seem to be more focused on lawns, flowering shrubs, sculptures and fountains! In addition to being built on "dry" water bodies and marshlands.

But to get back to the topic Chennai as a metro is more sustainable than many others in India and the world thanks to the number of Urban Forests, Parks as well as Green Campuses. These include the following green lungs of the city:
  • Guindy National Forest  
  • The more recently instituted Adyar Poonga which I'm told has Mangroves as well
  • The campuses of IIT Madras, Gandhi Mandapam (a memorial to Gandhi & other freedom fighters), the Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI), the engineering hub Anna University - formerly the Guindy College of Engineering as well as the state  governor's residence - Raj Bhavan. This is all basically a forest cut up by roads and educational institutions but which still ensures the continued interaction of the city's population with a  significant urban forest.
  • Kalakshetra 
  • Semmozhi Poonga
  • Nageshwar Rao Park and  many community parks which bravely fight off incursions and provide the city with powerful Carbon Stores, Air Pollution Filters as well as refuge for diverse flora and fauna - both birds and animals. 
  • Coconut groves line the limits of the megapolis - Greater Chennai and dot the homes in suburban areas - the products of the coconut tree provide significant income for the community - from refreshing tender coconut water to coconut frond brooms and carpets, coconut and coco peat to name but a few income generating produce.

While Tamil Nadu has been in the news recently for the mishap to trekkers in a Forest Fire. The connect with the forest and spending time amidst trees should not be eschewed. As the most hard-working race the Japanese believe there is healing possible when you spend time in the forest - Forest Bathing or the Japanese custom of Shinrin-yoku or Forest Therapy. The healing way/medicine/prescription of simply being in the forest. Shinrin-yoku is a term that means "taking in the forest atmosphere" or "forest bathing." It was developed in Japan during the 1980s and has become a cornerstone of preventive health care and healing in Japanese medicine. This must be adopted by society in general as much as Japanese corporate streamlining practices are coveted in corporate culture.  

Spending time amidst nature - switched off from the internet and phones can strengthen the mind. Just as gardening has a therapeutic effect on mental health, time in forests heals the psyche and the mind - an advantage for a population in the jaws of a significant mental health crisis.

The award-winning Eco-Tree Project based out of Chennai and the backyard forest creating startup  Afforestt of Bengaluru and their efforts to create forests in the urban jungle needs to be lauded on this day celebrating Forests and Sustainable Cities. 

But on the day celebrating the Forests as well as other days we need to give thanks to the many forest makers of India need do our little bit to help the cause. 
(c) The News Minute

 The efforts of these people as well as the natural advantage have helped ensure that India is among the Top Ten Nations in the World with regard to Forest Cover as per the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change report India State of Forest Report (ISFR) 2017 released last month. 

Overall mankind will benefit once we start valuing the tree and forests - transitioning from a hydrocarbon driven economy to a carbohydrate driven one would enable more equitable development, as mentioned by Dr. Ranil Senanayika, Sri Lankan proponent and pioneer of Analog Forestry at the 5th Asia Pacific Adaptation Network Forum in Colombo in October 2016.




More information on the benefits of urban forests in cities @ http://www.un.org/en/events/forestsday/

Mankind is selfish so let's put a price to our trees and forests: think of the value of the tree and forests - considering the cost of an oxygen cylinder - A human consumes oxygen worth Rs. 130,000 per day so the value of the oxygen producing plants, trees and forests are priceless. Save Forests!

Saturday, 3 March 2018

Protecting the Big Cats on World Wildlife Day 2018 and Beyond


March 3rd is #WorldWildlifeDay. It has been celebrated since 2013. The theme for 2018 is Protecting the Big Cats - the felid of the biological family felidae. There are 36 varieties of wild cats in the world. These apex predators of the land are most at risk wherever they occur and mankind preys on them leaving them endangered and on the verge of extinction.




We have lost many species - many to reckless hunting and poaching and the trend continues.
We loose #BigCats and #Wildlife to natural disasters as seen during the floods of Assam over the last few years.
We loose them to habitat destruction with increasing man-animal man-felid conflicts.
But most of all we loose them to poachers.

India is home to 8 types of felid:
  1. The Great India Lion;
  2. Our national animal the Royal Bengal Tiger; 
  3. The Snow Leopard;
  4. The Indian Leopard;
  5. The Jaguar;
  6. The Black Panther;
  7. The White Tiger
  8. The Clouded Leopard

Rohan Chakravarthy has done wonderful illustration of all of India's wildcat treasures.

On this #WWD18 if we can #DoOneThing it's being aware of the wildlife and biodiversity of our locality, city/town/village, district, state and nation and do our bit to work for it's conservation. They share our planet - and have as much right to it as us. There are many great institutions working round the clock to save our wildlife but it's each of our responsibility. Because they are all part of a fragile balanced eco-system that sustains the health of the planet. When this goes out of balance life as we know it will become a distant dream. Perhaps the only species the planet will thrive without is the human race!
So as long as we take up more than our rightful place in the sun let's at least work to make it safer for our wild planet-mates :)

Green Humour's Wildlife Map of India is a great place to build awareness of what's at stake.

Recently I was blessed to witness an Olive Ridley Sea Turtle hatchling swim off into the Bay of Bengal from my neighbourhood beach after years of seeing only dead turtles during the December-April nesting season. There is no greater joy that seeing wildlife survive!

Be it big cats or birds, sea turtles or chipmunks we share space with miracles and we need to work to ensure their continued survival.

Saturday, 3 February 2018

10 Reasons India Needs Energy Democracy

What is Energy Security?
 "Energy security is the association between national security and the availability of natural resources for energy consumption." - Wikipedia

What is Energy Democracy? 

“Energy democracy means that everybody is ensured access to sufficient energy. Energy production must thereby neither pollute the environment nor harm people. … this means that fossil fuel resources must be left in the ground, the means of production need to be socialised and democratised, and we must rethink our overall attitude towards energy consumption.”
  
Why does Energy Democracy matter in a developing country like India.
Because it will address 
(1) Income inequality: We are one the top wealthiest nations but are home to a third of the world's poor!
According to the New World Wealth report India is one of the top 10 wealthiest nations of the world with a total wealth of $8,230 billion. India is now the 6th richest country in the world. Yet our poor are poorer than ever before. Yet according to World Bank: 224 million live below the poverty line - that's existing on less that $1.90 per day!

(2) Power imbalance: 
Inadequate grid and severe power deficits everywhere - lack of functional grid electricity in rural Bharat and power cuts and load shedding in urban India. 



 (3) Improve our performance in the Environmental Performance Index: 
 India now ranks No. 177 out of 180 countries in the Environmental Performance Index,  with the fast-tracking of environmental clearances to improve our standing in the Ease of Doing Business rankings! 



(4) Our commitments to the Paris Agreement:
By curbing our increasing GHG emissions as committed in the Paris Climate Treaty that we signed and ratified



(5) India's air pollution crises: 


(6) India's soaring fossil fuel prices & the tax burden on the common man because of the dependence on petrol and diesel.


(7) The disruption of thermal power stations & nuclear power facilities 
The  protests against the Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant, in Tirunelveli district which is the single largest nuclear power station in India and the continued fears of the local communities and visible effect on the Ennore Creek as a result of the dumping of fly ash from the nearby thermal power station instigated Magsaysay award winning singer T.M. Krishna to record the Chennai Poromboke Padal.

(8) The need for LPG and the subsidy burden 


(9) The disruption of coal mining


(10) The disruption of mega-dam projects on local communities
 The 32-odd year struggle of the Narmada Bachao Andolan (NBA) shows what a devastating blow a dam project that could solve the irrigation and power problem of states do to the local communities. This region still benefits only from the NBA run Jeevan Shalas as government schools exist in this locality only in paper.


Universal access to renewable, sustainable and local energy as well as ensuring job creation in the green energy sector that ensures fair pay and living wages to employees can elevate millions from the poverty trap. The conditions to decentralize energy and involve the community in the profits of energy generations makes this India’s moment in the sun. It remains to be seen whether the model becomes mass action!