From COP15 to Climate Action Day to COP26: October Musings

 The big deal in October 2021 includes two environmental conference of parties (COP) separated by the first ever Earthshot Prize ceremony and the International Day of Climate Action. 

Between the two avenues for rhetoric the finalists and winners of Earthshot Prize with their innovative solutions for the problems that plague our planet offer hope in this the first year of the UN Decade of Ecosystem Restoration. They are icons to be celebrated o f the Day of Climate Action and beyond in order to bridge the climate rhetoric-climate reality divide.

The first COP to occur in October was the first part of the Biodiversity COP15 that took place online between October 11th and 15th, online among the parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity. With China as chair, this was a forerunner to the second-part of the COP15 - the in-person session scheduled to happen in Kunming between April 25th and May 8th 2022. With the Chinese premiere giving the Climate COP in Glasgow beginning on Halloween 2021 a miss, this Biodiversity COP15 was where China flexed its environmental muscle. With the 6th Mass Extinction and immeasurable and irreplaceable biodiversity loss being part of our reality, made worse by the nightmare of the climate crisis manifesting the world over with particularly devastating effects in the poorer, island, coastal and tropical parts of the world, the need to act to protect biodiversity and address climate change is existentially vital. Thus it makes sense that in between the two COPs on October 19th, the million-pound Earthshot Prize ceremony to honor the 5 climate heroes - Eco-Oscars as it were, was hosted by the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge in Alexandra Palace, in London. This competition for the Royal Foundation's five million-pound prizes was launched mid-pandemic in 2020 by Prince William to give Earth a shot in the arm and address five critical issues and the five winners addressed these innovatively and effectively 

(1) 'the restoration and protection of nature' - Costa Rica, (2) 'air cleanliness' - Takachar, India (3)  'ocean revival' - CoralVita - Bahamas, (4) 'waste-free living' - The Food[Waste] Hubs of the City of Milan, Italy & (5) 'climate action' - Hydrogen producing Enapter's AEM electrolyser (Thailand, Germany, Italy).

Key takeaways from the Online UN Biodiversity COP15 include world leaders acknowledging certain facts but not taking much action: 

(1) As Nature's Decline Threatens Humanity, We Must Work to Reverse Biodiversity Loss; (2) Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework: Understanding the Scope and Scale of the Biodiversity Crisis; (3) Kunming Declaration - a commitment to protect 30% of land and sea area by 2030 [30-30] (4) Gap between promises of biodiversity protection and any real or effective climate action (5) Need for Global Biodiversity Fund. The difficulty in actually achieving the much needed 30-30 protection in the face of so-called "economic realities" - the pandemic-fuelled global economic slowdown and resultant domino of energy crises and economic crisis that put environmental crises on the back burner even though it costs nations billions of dollars they can't afford. 

Case in point, according to a World Meteorological Organization report, the natural disasters in 2020 cost India $87 billion, i.e., ₹65 Lakh Crores.

As I predicted in my article for the Chennai Centre for China Studies (C3S) in September, not much can be expected from COP15 in the face of geopolitical and human security concerns. The main agenda of COP15 included positioning China as an environmental force to be reckoned with, showcase of Chinese success stories in biodiversity protection and its Red Line Plan as well as paving the way for a much-needed multi-billion dollar Global Biodiversity Fund even though it will take a long time for countries to make and honor these commitments. 

With these gaps in rhetoric and reality in mind, perhaps it becomes clear why the International Day for Climate Action 2021, October 24th, doesn't have the same prestige or reach of say Earth Day or Environment Day. The Fridays for Future movement is more impactful. and in a way as long as there is real climate action, it doesn't really matter if we celebrate the Day of Climate Action widely or not! And this is where it is hoped that the Climate COP26 to be held in Glasgow between October 31st and November 12th will make a dent in ensuring that world leaders and corporations commit to climate action and limiting carbon emissions. The real scary thing on Halloween 2021 will be the cost in emissions and money that the world is spending on what many believe is an eye-wash of a "greenwashing" conference hoping for a better outcome!

So ahead of COP26 here's a checklist to keep in mind while assessing the Climate COP26 that begins on Halloween: 

Now let's get into the specifics. @climate's set out the priorities for what to look out for at #COP26.

1. Higher commitments from countries
2. Rules for a global carbon market
3. $100 billion in finance for developing countries
4. Reducing coal use
5. Reducing methane emissions

— Akshat Rathi (@AkshatRathi) October 21, 2021

Act on SDGs: Turn It Around

 Six years into the Sustainable Development Regime, on this the Global Week to #Act4SDGs, I, Raakhee Suryaprakash from Chennai, India, am using the platforms of my initiatives Sunshine Millennium and Re.Plastic  (https://www.facebook.com/Re.Plastic10) to showcase and #Amplify @SDGActions from around the world. I am communicating about and sharing #SDG best practices to #TurnItAround on Action on the Sustainable Development Goals. 

Through my initiative Sunshine Millennium, I amplify successes in the fields of #SDG7 - Affordable & Clean Energy, #SDG13 - Climate Action, #SDG11 - Sustainable Cities & Communities, #SDG6 - Clean Water & Sanitation as well as the SDGs 14 & 15 -#LifeBelowWater & #LifeOnLand - basically biodiversity conservation.

With my initiative  REplastic I amplify #SDG8 #SDG9 & #SDG12 for I believe responsible plastic waste management and controlling plastic production combines aspects of #innovation & responsible consumption and production while yielding #DecentWork and #EconomicGrowth.  

Where SDGs Are Met: May Obstacles to This Utopia Be Removed

 

Among the Hindu communities across the globe, today is observed as the birthday of Lord Ganapathi, the remover of obstacles and God of Wisdom & Knowledge in the Hindu pantheon. 

                                                                       Source: https://www.earth.com/news/indian-subcontinent-oceans-changed/

As the deity who can remove all barriers, any endeavor started after praying to him is believed to go smoothly as he adds a divine inspiration. 

At this first year of the UN Decade of Ecosystem Restoration (2021-30) and as India celebrates 75 years of Independence and begins a year-long global and national celebration of "Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav" - #IndiaAt75, here's dreaming of a utopian India where all the sustainable development goals (SDGs) are met. May Lord Vignesh - "vign harta" help us all reach this goal. And in the spirit of Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam, the Sanskrit phrase repeated in Hindu texts such as the Maha Upanishad, meaning "the world is one family", let us work towards this goal of a world and India where the SDGs are a reality by the grace of the birthday boy - Ganapathi Bappa!

#SDG1 An India free of poverty

#SDG2 An India free of hunger

#SDG3 An India free of illness - physical or mental

#SDG4 An India free of illiteracy & functional illiteracy, empowered by accessible Quality Education for all

#SDG5 An India free of Gender injustice & GBV where true Gender Equality is the norm

#SDG6 An India free of water poverty - Clean water & sanitation for all 

#SDG7 An India free of Energy poverty - Clean & Affordable electricity & fuel for us all

#SDG8 An India empowered by Decent Work & Economic Growth

#SDG9 Indian Industry & Indian Infrastructure empowered by Indian Innovation

#SDG10 An India independent of inequality

#SDG11 An India of Sustainable Cities & Communities 

#SDG12 An India free of overconsumption, waste & irresponsible production - An India independent of SUPs & plastics

#SDG13 An India made vibrant with Climate Action

 #SDG14 An India of thriving water bodies, seas & ocean life

 #SDG15 Life & Flora, Fauna, Ecosystems thriving on Indian land

#SDG16 A peaceful & just India with strong institutions leading the way to true freedom & independence from injustice

#SDG17 - My dream for India is my dream for the world, because Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam - a utopia where we all work to make our world a better place - True partnerships for progress.

 

Our Feathered Friends

 

Spring is celebrated in many forms around the world and across India. The season of rebirth and re-greening is deified in many cultures and mythologies of goddesses of spring and fertility abound.  It dovetails with the regional celebrations of New Year and Harvest in the Indian subcontinent and neighbourhood (Puthandu, Vishu, Chaitra Navratri, Ramadan, Cheti Chand, Pratipada, Jur Sital/Jude Sheetal, Baisakhi, Navreh, Bikoti, Bohag Bihu, Cheiraoba, Poila/Bengali Boishak, Sajibu nongma panba, Pana Sankranti, Naba Barsha, Sarhul, Gudi Padwa, Ugadi as well as Avurudu/Aluth Avurudda/Sinhala New Year & Songkran/Thai New Year or Water festival of Myanmar, Laos & Cambodia). 

 

 March 20, which is the vernal equinox in the Northern Hemisphere is observed as World Sparrow Day as well as the International Day of Happiness. As I tweeted, this is apt as observing sparrows makes me happy.

It's #WorldSparrowDay & #InternationalDayOfHappiness - dovetails beautifully for me coz #Sparrows bring me #Happiness. #ILoveSparrows - apt #2021SparrowDay theme applies everyday 4 me. Revival of sparrow numbers = Hope 4 #LifeOnLand #SDG15 pic.twitter.com/8gyPJ3Q2Ze

— Raakhee Suryaprakash (@10sunshinegal) March 20, 2021

I'll elaborate, bird-watching makes me happy and nothing makes me happier than spotting them in my backyard and garden. My interest in nature and the environment was kindled by feathered visitors who appeared in my childhood campus which was filled with greenery as well as being close to the beach. Sparrows used to regularly fly into our flat and my bedroom and investigate the mirror on my Godrej almirah  (steel cupboard) and the braver ones used to even sit on me as took an afternoon nap. The very best memories. 

The fact that my school campus also abounded with fruit trees teeming with bird life and the occasional monkey gangs added to my early interest in bird life. So yay again for Sishya - the best school in my opinion for so many reasons those days. I always looked forward to meeting my friends and feathered friends there and hated missing even a day of school. 

In my present residence although I am further away from the beach, thanks to a survival of the fittest garden, I get a lot of winged visitors - both birds and bats!!! As writer and birdwatcher Christy Bharath tweeted with the wonderful video compilation of ECR birds - the East Coast Road is not just a scenic route but a birder's paradise.

One of my favorite parts of #Chennai is the East Coast Road - a part of the national highway along the coast of the Bay of Bengal. For 8+ years, I've been driving back and forth on this road every weekend.

Got a min? I'll show you why.#TwitterNatureCommunity #birds #IndiAves pic.twitter.com/lNMANXwuuE

— christy bharath (@contentbirder) April 20, 2021

But it is our feathered friends who brighten the day as the noisily welcome dawn and dusk as well as being extra active during springtime. Here, inside my home, its tailor birds who are more frequent visitors and it is only this past year that a couple of sparrows have entered. They are cherished whether I come across them inside or out. My vision might be poor, but while I may look through/overlook people and inevitably fail to recognize them immediately when coming across them unexpectedly, birds always catch my eye, especially unexpected sightings. 

Be it Ostara/Eostre, the Goddess of Spring (Eastern European/Germanic/Wiccan) and her celebration of rebirth co-opted in Easter as shown in the series American Gods or the return of the Greek/Roman Spring goddess Kore/Presephone, from her time in the underworld with her husband Hades to her mother the Goddess of grain and harvest Demeter (the Webtoon, Lore Olympus retells this beautifully), spring is made glorious by greenery,  gardens, grain and birdsong. 

The book Effin' Birds by Aaron Reynolds and Twitter handle @EffinBirds combines beautiful bird illustrations and pithy profanity both very useful in making one feel better. 

 

Pic: Shikra

Pics: Sunbird nest and sunbird in flight and on a Hibiscus branch.

Pics: Tailor Bird fledglings/chicks - newly hatched in Hibiscus leaf nest.

Pic: Water Hen on my garden wall.

I am spiritually enriched by the presence and appearance of our feathered friends. The extract from Dorothy Francis Gurney's poem God's Garden beautifully rendered as a glass painting pictured at the start of this post resonates with me. And recent research has found that birds give people as much happiness as money in the bank! In these days of high uncertainty and high anxiety due to the devastation of the COVID-19 second wave, simple pleasures are worth their weight in gold.

It is only over the past six years that I recognized and distinguished bird calls especially the laugh-like call of the Kingfisher. The Laughing Kookaburra song which I learnt in junior school suddenly made sense - the laughing jackass after all is a relative from down under. Thanks to the internet and the resources it has made available, school kids and those interested can get to learn a lot more even without first-hand bird encounters. 

Socially distanced bird walks still happen in the city (Check out EFI events #NativesOfOurLakes), but apps such as e-bird make it easier still. Rohan Chakravarthy summarizes it best in his cartoon from last April, during first lockdown, professional bird-watchers feel the pinch but balcony bird-watchers reaped the benefit of the forced slowing down of life that made many of us look up from devices and appreciate the natural world. 

Source: Green Humour, April 4, 2020.

Rohan's book for the Bombay Natural History Society, Bird Business is a delight as are all his cartoons especially those related to bird-watching!

As we are buffeted by the daily realities and perils of the pandemic, let's look to nature and nurture it, so that it may nurture us. As summer approaches and the heat and humidity becomes unbearable thanks to global warming and the climate catastrophe we have precipitated, remember to set out water for our feathered friends. Every little bit helps, for birds and beasts - as the actions of the Water King of Kenya for the past five year's drought season demonstrates. 

World Wildlife Day 2021 and SDG 15

 World Wildlife Day is annually observed on the 3rd of March. The theme for WWD 2021 is "Forests and Livelihoods: Sustaining People and Planet" which dovetails beautifully into the 15th Sustainable Development Goal (SDG 15): Life on Land. Linking forests and livelihoods and syncing people and planet is vital step to ecosystem restoration which is the theme of 2021-30: declared the UN Decade for Ecosystem Restoration.

Many vital forests, especially rainforests highly at-risk frontlines in the war against climate change are being destroyed as local communities haven't been made stakeholders and shareholders in the survival of the biodiversity hotspot. We need economic innovations like the payment for ecosystem services (PES) model adopted by Farmers for Forests.  It truly exemplifies the spirit of "Forests and Livelihoods: Sustaining People and Planet" while enabling Life on Land: 

"Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss. A flourishing life on land is the foundation for our life on this planet."

Forest fires both natural and those set by encroachers and miscreants are a major hurdle to survival of forests. While the forest fires in Australia, the Amazon and the haze-making ones in the rainforests of Southeast Asia make news more immediately, the ones in our backyard, like the fire in Simlipal Tiger Reserve located in Mayurbhaj in the Indian state of Odisha is less well-known yet equally devastating for at-risk wildlife including India's national animal. 

Odisha's Simlipal Tiger Reserve in Mayurbhanj has been burning for the last 10 days, and it is only now that Indian media and the government have woken up to the news. https://t.co/kYKaeE3zg6#simlipal #mayurbhanj #odisha #tigers #forestfire pic.twitter.com/G5AWTYlBKX

— Green Humour (@thetoonguy) March 4, 2021

Livelihoods need to be linked to protecting forests in order to make protecting the planet profitable to the people living in the laws of poverty alongside forests. Asoka changemaker Muthu Velayutham's efforts has always addressed this dichotomy and his latest venture Vaigai Flora Botanical Gardens in the outskirts of Madurai, a rich spread of vital native species forest home to vibrant biodiversity of flora and fauna. 

There are many initiatives restoring ecosystems and forests fragmented by tea plantations and coffee estates. These need to be popularized and scaled up so that we can fight poverty and climate change while ensuring that life on land thrives (SDG 1, SDG 13, SDG 15) hence ensuring the triumph of the WWD 2021 theme.

Wetlands & Water: World Wetlands Day 2021

 Wetlands sustain life. Wetlands protect life. The day of adoption of Ramsar Convention protecting wetlands, February 2nd, has since been celebrated as " World Wetlands Day." The 2021 theme is Water and Wetlands both vital for survival and both used up as urban centres sprawl to take up what used to be vital wetlands that have sustained life and livelihoods for centuries.

According to the Ramsar Convention, the inclusive definition of Wetlands is as follows:

“…wetlands are areas of marsh, fen, peatland or water, whether natural or artificial, permanent or temporary, with water that is static or flowing, fresh, brackish or salt, including areas of marine water the depth of which at low tide does not exceed six metres."

This inclusive definition is important in the quest to protect what's left of the wetlands - these teeming biodiversity hotspots because so many cities - metros and capitals have been built on or around what used to be massive wetland systems. 

Dismissed as "swamps," drained of water and later pumped full of concrete our "urban planners" of the past have created water scarce cities that are ironically flood prone as well. As the cooling water, flora and fauna of the marshes were replaced by concrete cities urban heat islands flourished negating the wetland carbon sinks and adding to global warming and the climate emergency.

Last year, the Ramsar-Bonn connect was highlighted just before the pandemic ground the world world to a halt, at the 13th conference of parties to the Bonn Convention of migratory species of wild animals, hosted in India: 10 wetlands across India were designated Ramsar sites or "wetland sites of international importance."

Migratory birds in salt marshes - Rann of Kutch

Hopefully as the powers that be commit to sustainable development, our wetlands will be protected and future cities will all be sustainable cities not just "smart cities." Wetlands and water are inseparable and if we are to tackle the climate crisis we need to put protecting wetlands at the heart of climate action. 

Wetlands are water reservoirs, natural flood prevention, vital carbon sinks as well as sustaining a vast array of biodiversity. Urbanization is an inevitable consequence of modernization but if mankind is to survive our cities shouldn't grow at the cost of wetlands. Another consequence of urbanization and modernization is the growing plastic crisis - plastic waste is as dangerous to the health and survival of wetlands as marine plastic is to oceans. But, there are many efforts underway to remove plastics and landfills from our wetlands as well as efforts to stop plastic from ending up in wetlands in the first place. 

How wetlands manage water: Wisconsisn

Wetlands are the final defense against the intensified flood-drought cycle caused by climate change. Cities running out of water is an ever-recurring crisis across the planet and wetlands, as shown in Kolkata and Kochi, can be vital in ensuring water security and SDG 6 (Clean water and sanitation) in cities. After the Chennai Floods back in 2015 and the Vardah Cyclone the following year, many people saw first hand how fast the Pallikarnai Marsh absorbed flood waters, yet we continue to encroach upon it with concrete and garbage to expand this already water-starved flood-prone city of Chennai. 

Protecting wetlands is ensuring water security and water security spells human security. Thus it is in the interest of mankind to SAVE THE WETLANDS!

Earth Overshoot Day 2020 is Madras Day 2020: August 22

 

August 22, 2020 is both Madras Day locally and Earth Overshoot Day globally. As the coastal metropolis, Chennai formerly known as Madras celebrates its 381st birthday, the COVID19 pandemic's global lock down and quarantines has pushed the Earth Overshoot Day by 24 days to August 22nd. 

Earth Overshoot Day marks the date when humanity has exhausted nature's budget for the year. For the rest of the year, we are maintaining our ecological deficit by drawing down local resource stocks and accumulating carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

 The coronavirus that affects the respiratory system of living things has affected the global transportation infrastructure disrupting supply chains and reducing human consumption. At the start of the pandemic there were many stories of wildlife reclaiming urban spaces and hope of our earth's environment healing and climate stabilizing. The disruption of aviation, shipping and transport sectors had reduced the fossil fuel consumption as well as generally resource intensive products. Local suppliers and locally grown food have addressed the shortfall. 

Yet for all the disruption to our lifestyles and the economy our consumption still outstrips our planet's resources by a whole quarter. So the priority as we envision the post-COVID19 world is to be responsible and sustainable in our consumption and production (SDG12) so that we #MoveTheDate of Earth Overshoot Day to the year end. Thus we stop borrowing and living off the resources of future generations: 

https://www.facebook.com/2040Film/videos/2583969951914239

As Chennai celebrates 381 years a future as a Sustainable City, Sustainable Community (SDG11) as well as a Smart City needs to adopted. Chennai's coastal position, expansion eating into vital wetlands, and dependence on ground water we are vulnerable to the buffets of global warming, climate change and climate catastrophe. The flood-drought cycles, unbearable summers in urban heat islands, creeping salinity as well as seawater ingress are vicious byproducts locally of global over-consumption which calls for robust climate action (SDG13). Chennai's green spaces as well as incentives and interests urban and rooftop farming as well as the Tamil Nadu's wind energy harnessing successes are powerful manifestations of sustainable development.   

Hence in the quest to move the date of Earth Overshoot Day should make robust adoption of the sustainable development goals (SDGs) by all entities from cities, institutions to nations.